8,613 Structures jobs in the United States
Senior Civil Engineer (Structures)
92101 San Diego Country Estates, California
$115000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 5 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client is seeking a highly skilled Senior Civil Engineer specializing in Structural Engineering to join their dynamic team in San Diego, California . This on-site position involves leading the design and analysis of a wide range of structural projects, including bridges, buildings, and other infrastructure. You will be responsible for ensuring the safety, integrity, and efficiency of structural designs, adhering to all relevant codes and standards. This role requires a strong technical background, excellent project management skills, and the ability to mentor junior engineers. You will play a crucial role in delivering innovative and sustainable engineering solutions for challenging projects.
Responsibilities:
Responsibilities:
- Lead the structural design and analysis of various infrastructure projects, including bridges, overpasses, retaining walls, and buildings.
- Perform structural calculations and modeling using state-of-the-art software (e.g., SAP2000, ETABS, STAAD.Pro).
- Ensure designs comply with relevant building codes, standards (e.g., AASHTO, IBC), and project specifications.
- Prepare and review detailed structural drawings, specifications, and technical reports.
- Collaborate with architects, project managers, and other engineering disciplines to coordinate design efforts.
- Conduct site visits for project investigation, construction support, and final inspections.
- Provide technical guidance and mentorship to junior structural engineers and designers.
- Manage project timelines, budgets, and resource allocation for assigned structural engineering tasks.
- Evaluate existing structures and provide recommendations for repair or rehabilitation.
- Stay current with advancements in structural engineering principles, materials, and technologies.
- Bachelor's or Master's degree in Civil Engineering with a specialization in Structural Engineering.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license in California is required.
- Minimum of 7 years of progressive experience in structural engineering design and analysis.
- Proficiency in structural analysis and design software (e.g., SAP2000, ETABS, RAM Structural System, AutoCAD, Revit).
- Strong knowledge of structural behavior, materials (steel, concrete, timber), and seismic design principles.
- Experience with bridge design and relevant AASHTO standards is highly desirable.
- Excellent problem-solving, analytical, and decision-making skills.
- Proven leadership and project management abilities.
- Strong written and verbal communication skills.
- Ability to work effectively in a collaborative team environment.
Apply Now
0
Senior Civil Engineer (Structures)
60601 Chicago, Illinois
$105000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 7 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client, a prominent engineering and construction firm, is seeking a highly experienced Senior Civil Engineer specializing in Structures to join their team in Chicago, Illinois, US . This role will involve the design, analysis, and oversight of structural aspects for a wide range of complex infrastructure projects, including bridges, buildings, and transportation systems. The Senior Civil Engineer will be responsible for leading design teams, ensuring compliance with codes and standards, and providing technical expertise throughout the project lifecycle. This is a crucial position requiring deep knowledge of structural engineering principles and a proven track record of successful project delivery.
Key Responsibilities:
Key Responsibilities:
- Lead the structural design of major civil engineering projects, ensuring safety, functionality, and cost-effectiveness.
- Perform complex structural analysis and calculations using state-of-the-art software (e.g., SAP2000, ETABS, STAAD.Pro).
- Develop detailed design drawings, specifications, and contract documents.
- Review and approve shop drawings and submittals from contractors.
- Provide technical guidance and mentorship to junior engineers and design staff.
- Ensure all designs comply with relevant building codes, standards (e.g., AASHTO, IBC), and regulations.
- Collaborate with architects, contractors, and other project stakeholders to achieve project goals.
- Conduct site investigations and provide construction support as needed.
- Manage project deliverables, timelines, and budgets related to structural engineering scope.
- Contribute to proposal development and client presentations.
Apply Now
1
Senior Civil Engineer - Structures
80202 Denver, Colorado
$95000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 8 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client is seeking a highly skilled Senior Civil Engineer with a specialization in structural design to join their innovative team. This role operates under a hybrid model, combining collaborative office work in Denver, Colorado, US , with remote flexibility. You will be responsible for the design, analysis, and project management of various structural projects, including buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure. Your duties will encompass developing structural concepts, performing complex calculations, preparing detailed design drawings and specifications, and ensuring compliance with relevant codes and standards. The ideal candidate will possess a strong understanding of structural analysis software and design principles, with a proven ability to lead projects and mentor junior engineers. You will collaborate closely with architects, clients, and construction teams to deliver high-quality, cost-effective, and safe structural solutions. Excellent communication and interpersonal skills are essential for client interaction and team coordination. We are looking for a proactive problem-solver with a commitment to technical excellence and a desire to contribute to significant engineering projects. This is an excellent opportunity for an experienced structural engineer to advance their career in a dynamic and forward-thinking environment.
Key Responsibilities:
Qualifications:
Key Responsibilities:
- Perform structural analysis and design for various types of projects (e.g., buildings, bridges, infrastructure).
- Develop structural concepts, preliminary designs, and detailed construction documents.
- Utilize structural analysis software (e.g., ETABS, SAP2000, STAAD.Pro).
- Ensure designs comply with building codes, standards, and regulations (e.g., IBC, ASCE).
- Review and approve shop drawings and submittals from contractors.
- Lead and mentor junior engineering staff.
- Collaborate effectively with architectural teams, clients, and construction personnel.
- Conduct site investigations and construction support activities.
- Prepare technical reports and present design solutions.
- Manage project timelines and budgets for structural engineering components.
Qualifications:
- Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering with a Structural Engineering focus; Master's degree preferred.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license required.
- Minimum of 6 years of progressive experience in structural engineering design.
- Proficiency in structural analysis and design software.
- In-depth knowledge of building codes and engineering standards.
- Strong analytical, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills.
- Excellent written and verbal communication skills.
- Experience working in a hybrid professional environment.
- Ability to lead project teams and manage multiple assignments.
Apply Now
2
Senior Civil Engineer, Structures
80201 Denver, Colorado
$105000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 8 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client, a leading engineering and construction firm, is seeking a highly experienced Senior Civil Engineer specializing in structural design. This is a pivotal role within our structural engineering division, contributing to the planning, design, and execution of complex infrastructure and building projects. The ideal candidate will possess a deep understanding of structural analysis, building codes, and construction methodologies, coupled with a proven ability to lead projects from conception through completion. This position offers a hybrid work arrangement, allowing for effective collaboration in the office and flexibility for remote work.
As a Senior Civil Engineer, you will be responsible for the detailed design of structural systems for a variety of projects, including bridges, commercial buildings, and industrial facilities. You will conduct structural analysis, prepare design calculations, produce construction drawings and specifications, and oversee project engineering activities. This role requires strong technical expertise, excellent problem-solving skills, and the ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously while ensuring compliance with all relevant codes and standards. You will also mentor junior engineers and contribute to the firm's technical development.
Key responsibilities include:
We require a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Civil Engineering with a structural emphasis, and a Professional Engineer (PE) license is mandatory. A minimum of 8 years of relevant structural engineering experience is essential. Proficiency in structural analysis software and AutoCAD/Revit is required. Excellent communication, leadership, and project management skills are critical. Join our esteemed team and play a key role in shaping significant projects in Denver, Colorado, US .
As a Senior Civil Engineer, you will be responsible for the detailed design of structural systems for a variety of projects, including bridges, commercial buildings, and industrial facilities. You will conduct structural analysis, prepare design calculations, produce construction drawings and specifications, and oversee project engineering activities. This role requires strong technical expertise, excellent problem-solving skills, and the ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously while ensuring compliance with all relevant codes and standards. You will also mentor junior engineers and contribute to the firm's technical development.
Key responsibilities include:
- Performing structural analysis and design for various types of structures using specialized software (e.g., ETABS, STAAD.Pro, RAM).
- Developing detailed construction drawings and specifications.
- Ensuring designs comply with relevant building codes, standards, and regulations (e.g., IBC, AASHTO).
- Collaborating with architects, other engineers, and project stakeholders.
- Managing project timelines, budgets, and resources for structural engineering tasks.
- Conducting site visits for construction administration and quality control.
- Reviewing shop drawings and responding to contractor RFIs.
- Mentoring and guiding junior civil and structural engineers.
- Contributing to business development efforts by assisting with proposal preparation.
We require a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Civil Engineering with a structural emphasis, and a Professional Engineer (PE) license is mandatory. A minimum of 8 years of relevant structural engineering experience is essential. Proficiency in structural analysis software and AutoCAD/Revit is required. Excellent communication, leadership, and project management skills are critical. Join our esteemed team and play a key role in shaping significant projects in Denver, Colorado, US .
Apply Now
3
Senior Civil Engineer - Structures
64101 Kansas City, Missouri
$110000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 8 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client, a leading engineering consulting firm, is seeking a highly experienced Senior Civil Engineer specializing in Structures to join their dynamic team in Kansas City, Missouri, US . This role is ideal for a licensed professional engineer with a proven track record in the design, analysis, and project management of complex structural projects. You will lead project teams, mentor junior engineers, and ensure the successful delivery of innovative and sustainable structural solutions across various sectors, including commercial, industrial, and public infrastructure.
Responsibilities:
Qualifications:
Responsibilities:
- Lead the structural design and analysis of a variety of projects, including buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.
- Develop detailed structural drawings, specifications, and calculations using industry-standard software (e.g., AutoCAD, Revit, ETABS, SAP2000).
- Perform advanced structural analysis, including seismic and wind load calculations.
- Ensure designs comply with relevant building codes, standards, and regulations (e.g., IBC, ASCE).
- Manage project schedules, budgets, and resources to ensure timely and cost-effective project completion.
- Coordinate with clients, architects, contractors, and other project stakeholders.
- Conduct site investigations and construction administration as needed.
- Review shop drawings and respond to contractor RFIs.
- Mentor and guide junior engineering staff, fostering their professional development.
- Contribute to business development efforts, including proposal writing and client presentations.
- Stay abreast of new technologies, materials, and design methodologies in structural engineering.
- Champion best practices in engineering design and project management.
Qualifications:
- Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering or Structural Engineering. Master's degree preferred.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license required. SE license is a plus.
- Minimum of 8 years of progressive experience in structural engineering design and analysis.
- Extensive experience with various structural materials (steel, concrete, masonry, timber).
- Proficiency in structural analysis and design software.
- Strong understanding of building codes and engineering standards.
- Excellent project management, leadership, and communication skills.
- Proven ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously.
- Experience with client interaction and business development.
- Ability to work collaboratively in a team environment.
- Strong problem-solving and decision-making abilities.
Apply Now
4
Principal Civil Engineer - Structures
48201 Detroit, Michigan
$130000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 8 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client, a renowned engineering consultancy, is actively seeking a highly accomplished Principal Civil Engineer specializing in Structural Engineering to join their fully remote, world-class team. This leadership position is critical for driving the design and execution of complex structural engineering projects across various sectors, including infrastructure, commercial, and institutional buildings. You will be instrumental in leading design teams, mentoring junior engineers, and ensuring the technical excellence and innovation of our structural engineering solutions.
The ideal candidate will possess extensive experience in the design and analysis of a wide range of structural systems, utilizing state-of-the-art software and adhering to the highest industry standards. Responsibilities include performing complex structural calculations, developing detailed design drawings and specifications, and conducting thorough design reviews. You will also play a key role in client interaction, proposal development, and project management, ensuring projects are delivered safely, efficiently, and to the satisfaction of all stakeholders. A strong understanding of seismic design, bridge engineering, or tall building design is highly advantageous.
This is a remote-first opportunity, demanding exceptional autonomy, strong communication, and a proactive approach to problem-solving. You must be adept at collaborating virtually with diverse teams, managing multiple projects simultaneously, and maintaining high standards of technical delivery without direct supervision. Our client values innovation, sustainability, and the application of cutting-edge engineering practices. You will be empowered to contribute significantly to the technical direction of the company and mentor the next generation of structural engineers.
Responsibilities:
The ideal candidate will possess extensive experience in the design and analysis of a wide range of structural systems, utilizing state-of-the-art software and adhering to the highest industry standards. Responsibilities include performing complex structural calculations, developing detailed design drawings and specifications, and conducting thorough design reviews. You will also play a key role in client interaction, proposal development, and project management, ensuring projects are delivered safely, efficiently, and to the satisfaction of all stakeholders. A strong understanding of seismic design, bridge engineering, or tall building design is highly advantageous.
This is a remote-first opportunity, demanding exceptional autonomy, strong communication, and a proactive approach to problem-solving. You must be adept at collaborating virtually with diverse teams, managing multiple projects simultaneously, and maintaining high standards of technical delivery without direct supervision. Our client values innovation, sustainability, and the application of cutting-edge engineering practices. You will be empowered to contribute significantly to the technical direction of the company and mentor the next generation of structural engineers.
Responsibilities:
- Lead the structural design of complex engineering projects.
- Perform advanced structural analysis and calculations.
- Develop detailed design drawings, specifications, and reports.
- Conduct technical reviews and quality assurance of designs.
- Mentor and guide junior engineering staff.
- Collaborate with multidisciplinary design teams.
- Liaise with clients, regulatory agencies, and stakeholders.
- Manage project timelines, budgets, and resource allocation for structural components.
- Stay abreast of the latest advancements in structural engineering technology and best practices.
- Master's degree in Civil or Structural Engineering.
- Minimum of 12 years of progressive experience in structural engineering design and analysis.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license required.
- Extensive experience with structural analysis software (e.g., ETABS, SAP2000, STAAD.Pro).
- Strong knowledge of building codes and design standards (e.g., AISC, ACI, ASCE).
- Proven leadership and project management skills.
- Excellent communication and interpersonal abilities.
- Demonstrated ability to work independently and lead remote teams.
- Experience with seismic design or bridge engineering is a significant asset.
Apply Now
5
Remote Senior Civil Engineer - Structures
45201 Cincinnati, Ohio
$135000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 5 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client, a leading name in the construction industry, is seeking a highly experienced Senior Civil Engineer specializing in structural design to join their fully remote team. This is an exciting opportunity for a talented professional to contribute to significant projects without the need for relocation. You will be responsible for the structural analysis and design of a variety of construction projects, ensuring compliance with all relevant codes and standards. The ideal candidate will possess a deep understanding of structural engineering principles, advanced analysis techniques, and a proven track record of successfully delivering complex structural solutions. As a remote employee, you will collaborate effectively with project managers, architects, and other engineering disciplines through virtual channels.
Key Responsibilities:
Key Responsibilities:
- Perform structural analysis and design for various building types, bridges, and infrastructure projects.
- Develop detailed engineering drawings, specifications, and calculations using industry-standard software.
- Ensure all designs comply with relevant building codes, standards, and regulations (e.g., IBC, AASHTO).
- Collaborate with architects, project managers, and other engineering disciplines to ensure seamless project execution.
- Conduct site assessments and feasibility studies as required, often involving virtual collaboration tools.
- Review shop drawings and respond to contractor RFIs during the construction phase.
- Mentor junior engineers and provide technical guidance.
- Manage project timelines and deliverables for assigned structural engineering tasks.
- Stay abreast of new materials, technologies, and design methodologies in structural engineering.
- Contribute to the development of best practices and standards within the engineering team.
- Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering with a structural emphasis. Master's degree is preferred.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license in relevant states is required.
- Minimum of 8 years of progressive experience in structural engineering design.
- Proficiency in structural analysis software such as ETABS, SAP2000, STAAD.Pro, or similar.
- Strong knowledge of steel, concrete, masonry, and timber design principles.
- Experience with BIM software (e.g., Revit Structure) is highly desirable.
- Excellent understanding of construction methods and materials.
- Strong analytical, problem-solving, and critical thinking abilities.
- Effective written and verbal communication skills for remote collaboration.
- Ability to manage multiple projects and meet deadlines.
- Experience with seismic design is a significant plus.
Apply Now
Be The First To Know
About the latest Structures Jobs in United States !
6
Senior Civil Engineer - Structures - Remote
45201 Cincinnati, Ohio
$90000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 8 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client, a distinguished leader in infrastructure development and engineering consultancy, is actively seeking a highly skilled and experienced Senior Civil Engineer specializing in structural design. This position is entirely remote, offering you the flexibility to contribute your expertise from anywhere within the US. You will be instrumental in leading the design, analysis, and oversight of critical structural components for a diverse range of civil engineering projects, including bridges, transportation systems, and public facilities. The successful candidate will possess a robust understanding of structural mechanics, materials science, and relevant design codes (e.g., AASHTO, ACI, AISC). Your responsibilities will include performing complex structural calculations, developing detailed design documents, specifications, and construction drawings, and collaborating effectively with multidisciplinary teams, clients, and regulatory bodies. Experience with advanced structural analysis software and BIM tools is essential. We are looking for an individual who can independently manage project phases, mentor junior engineers, and provide technical leadership to ensure the integrity, safety, and longevity of our infrastructure projects. A strong commitment to innovation, sustainability, and adherence to the highest engineering standards is paramount. This role demands excellent problem-solving abilities, exceptional communication skills for coordinating with remote teams, and a proactive approach to project execution. You will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of essential infrastructure, ensuring its resilience and functionality for generations to come.
Responsibilities:
Responsibilities:
- Lead the structural design and analysis for various civil engineering projects (bridges, transportation, etc.).
- Develop comprehensive design reports, calculations, and construction drawings.
- Ensure compliance with all applicable codes, standards, and regulations.
- Collaborate with architects, project managers, and other engineering disciplines.
- Review and approve shop drawings and submittals.
- Provide technical guidance and mentorship to junior engineering staff.
- Conduct quality control checks and site visits (as needed and feasible remotely).
- Stay current with advancements in structural engineering technology and methodologies.
- Manage project timelines and budgets for structural engineering tasks.
- Bachelor's or Master's degree in Civil Engineering with a structural emphasis.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license required. SE license is a strong plus.
- Minimum of 7 years of progressive experience in civil structural engineering.
- Proficiency in structural analysis software (e.g., SAP2000, CSiBridge, LUSAS) and AutoCAD/Civil 3D.
- In-depth knowledge of bridge design, transportation structures, and related codes.
- Strong analytical, problem-solving, and decision-making skills.
- Excellent written and verbal communication abilities for remote collaboration.
- Proven ability to manage project tasks independently and effectively.
Apply Now
7
Senior Civil Structures Engineer
90001 Los Angeles, California
$125000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 8 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client is seeking a highly experienced and innovative Senior Civil Structures Engineer to join their growing team. This is a fully remote position, offering an outstanding opportunity to contribute to significant infrastructure projects without geographical limitations. You will be responsible for the design, analysis, and oversight of complex civil structures, ensuring their integrity, safety, and compliance with all relevant codes and standards. This role requires a deep understanding of structural mechanics, materials science, and advanced design principles.
Key Responsibilities:
Qualifications:
This is a premier opportunity to apply your expertise in structural engineering to impactful projects from the comfort of your home office, serving clients across the nation from our base in Los Angeles, California, US . If you are a seasoned structural engineer passionate about designing resilient infrastructure, we want to hear from you.
Key Responsibilities:
- Lead the structural design and analysis of a wide range of civil engineering projects, including bridges, tunnels, buildings, and other critical infrastructure.
- Perform complex structural calculations and simulations using state-of-the-art software (e.g., STAAD.Pro, ETABS, SAP2000).
- Develop detailed design drawings, specifications, and construction documents.
- Ensure designs comply with applicable building codes, standards (e.g., ACI, AISC, AASHTO), and client requirements.
- Review contractor submittals and respond to Requests for Information (RFIs) during the construction phase.
- Conduct site visits and structural inspections as required to assess existing conditions and monitor construction progress.
- Collaborate effectively with architects, geotechnical engineers, project managers, and other stakeholders to ensure integrated project delivery.
- Mentor and guide junior engineers, fostering technical development and promoting best practices.
- Stay abreast of new technologies, materials, and methodologies in civil structural engineering.
- Manage project timelines and budgets for structural engineering scopes of work.
- Contribute to the development of innovative engineering solutions and design approaches.
- Prepare technical reports and presentations for clients and regulatory agencies.
- Lead and participate in design reviews and constructability assessments.
- Assist in the development of proposals and fee estimates for new projects.
Qualifications:
- Master's degree in Civil Structural Engineering or a related field.
- Minimum of 7 years of progressive experience in civil structural design and analysis.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license in at least one US state; multi-state licensure is a significant advantage.
- Proven expertise in structural analysis software and design codes.
- Strong knowledge of building materials (concrete, steel, timber) and their behavior.
- Excellent understanding of engineering principles, mechanics, and materials science.
- Demonstrated leadership and project management skills.
- Exceptional communication, collaboration, and problem-solving abilities.
- Ability to work independently and effectively manage workload in a remote environment.
- Experience with seismic design and analysis is highly desirable.
- Proficiency in AutoCAD or similar CAD software.
This is a premier opportunity to apply your expertise in structural engineering to impactful projects from the comfort of your home office, serving clients across the nation from our base in Los Angeles, California, US . If you are a seasoned structural engineer passionate about designing resilient infrastructure, we want to hear from you.
Apply Now
8
Principal Civil Structures Engineer
80201 Denver, Colorado
$125000 Annually
WhatJobs
Posted 8 days ago
Job Viewed
Job Description
Our client is seeking a highly experienced and distinguished Principal Civil Structures Engineer to join our dynamic, fully remote engineering team. This role is pivotal in leading the design and analysis of complex civil infrastructure projects across the nation. You will be instrumental in shaping innovative solutions for bridges, tunnels, retaining walls, and other critical structures, ensuring safety, longevity, and adherence to the highest engineering standards. As a Principal Engineer, you will mentor junior staff, provide technical oversight, and serve as a key technical advisor on challenging projects. This position offers the unique advantage of a 100% remote work arrangement, empowering you to leverage your expertise from any approved location in the US. Your responsibilities will include performing advanced structural analysis, developing detailed design plans, managing project scopes, and ensuring compliance with relevant codes and regulations. You will also be involved in client interactions, proposal development, and peer reviews. We are looking for a candidate with a deep reservoir of knowledge in structural mechanics, material science, and construction methodologies. A proven ability to tackle intricate engineering problems, a commitment to technical excellence, and a passion for mentorship are essential. Experience with state-of-the-art finite element analysis (FEA) software and BIM (Building Information Modeling) technologies is highly valued. You must possess exceptional leadership qualities and the ability to communicate complex technical concepts effectively to diverse audiences. A Bachelor's or Master's degree in Civil Engineering or a closely related field, with a specialization in Structural Engineering, is required, along with a minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible experience in civil infrastructure design.
Responsibilities:
Responsibilities:
- Lead the structural design and analysis of major civil infrastructure projects, including bridges, buildings, and transportation facilities.
- Perform complex structural modeling and simulation using advanced engineering software.
- Develop detailed design documents, construction drawings, and specifications.
- Ensure designs meet all applicable codes, standards, and regulatory requirements.
- Provide expert technical guidance and mentorship to engineering teams.
- Conduct thorough design reviews and quality control checks.
- Collaborate with project managers, clients, and other stakeholders to define project objectives and deliverables.
- Stay abreast of emerging technologies and best practices in structural engineering.
- Contribute to business development efforts, including proposal writing and client presentations.
- Oversee the preparation of reports and technical documentation.
- Bachelor's or Master's degree in Civil Engineering with a specialization in Structural Engineering.
- 10+ years of progressive experience in civil structural design.
- Professional Engineer (PE) license is mandatory.
- Proficiency in structural analysis software (e.g., SAP2000, ETABS, STAAD.Pro).
- Experience with finite element analysis (FEA) and BIM technologies.
- Strong understanding of bridge design, seismic design, and AASHTO LRFD standards.
- Excellent leadership, communication, and interpersonal skills.
- Proven ability to manage complex projects and technical teams.
- Experience in a consulting engineering environment.
- Demonstrated ability to work independently and effectively in a remote setting.
Apply Now
9